Ibitekerezo Bimwe Kubitangiza "Gusimbuza Plastike n imigano"

(1) Birihutirwa kugabanya umwanda wa plastike

Ikibazo gikomeye cy’imyanda ihumanya ibidukikije kibangamiye ubuzima bw’abantu kandi kigomba gukemurwa neza, kikaba cyarabaye ubwumvikane bw’abantu.Nk’uko bigaragazwa na “Kuva ku mwanda ukageza ku bisubizo: Isuzumabumenyi ry’isi yose hamwe n’imyanda ihumanya ya plastike” yashyizwe ahagaragara na gahunda y’umuryango w’abibumbye ishinzwe ibidukikije mu Kwakira 2021, kuva mu 1950 kugeza 2017, hakozwe toni miliyari 9.2 z’ibicuruzwa bya pulasitike ku isi, muri byo bikaba bigera kuri Toni miliyoni magana ya toni zahindutse imyanda ya pulasitike, kandi igipimo cyo gutunganya isi yose kuri iyi myanda ya plastiki ntikiri munsi ya 10%.Ubushakashatsi bwa siyansi bwasohowe mu 2018 n’Ubwongereza “Royal Society Open Science” bwerekanye ko imyanda ya pulasitike iri mu nyanja imaze kugera kuri toni miliyoni 75 kugeza kuri miliyoni 199, bingana na 85% by’uburemere bw’imyanda yo mu nyanja.

Umubare munini wimyanda ya pulasitike yumvikanye abantu.Niba hafashwe ingamba zifatika zo gutabara, byagereranijwe ko mu 2040, imyanda ya pulasitike yinjira mu mazi izikuba hafi gatatu kugeza kuri toni miliyoni 23-37 ku mwaka.

Imyanda ya plastike ntabwo yangiza gusa urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima byo mu nyanja n’ibinyabuzima byo ku isi, ahubwo binongera imihindagurikire y’ikirere ku isi.Icy'ingenzi cyane, microplastique ninyongeramusaruro nazo zirashobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye kubuzima bwabantu.Niba nta ngamba zifatika zifatika nibindi bicuruzwa, umusaruro wabantu nubuzima bizagerwaho cyane.

Birihutirwa kugabanya umwanda wa plastike.Amahanga yagiye asohora politiki zijyanye no guhagarika no kugabanya plastiki, anasaba ingengabihe yo guhagarika no kugabanya plastiki.

Mu mwaka wa 2019, Inteko ishinga amategeko y’Uburayi yatoye cyane kugira ngo yemeze itegeko ribuza plastike, kandi izashyirwa mu bikorwa mu 2021, ni ukuvuga guhagarika ikoreshwa ry’ubwoko 10 bw’ibikoresho byo mu bwoko bwa pulasitiki bikoreshwa, ipamba ya pulasitike, ibyatsi bya pulasitike, n’inkoni zikurura plastike; .Ibicuruzwa bya pulasitiki.

Ubushinwa bwasohoye “Igitekerezo kijyanye no kurushaho gukaza umurego mu kurwanya umwanda wa plastiki” mu 2020, bushishikariza kugabanya ikoreshwa rya pulasitiki, guteza imbere ibicuruzwa biva mu bimera byangiza ibidukikije, kandi risaba “kugera ku mpinga ya karuboni mu 2030 no kugera ku kutabogama kwa karubone mu 2060 ″ intego ebyiri za karubone.Kuva icyo gihe, Ubushinwa bwasohoye gahunda y’ibikorwa bigamije kurwanya umwanda w’imyanda “14th 5-5 ibicuruzwa.Ku ya 28 Gicurasi 2021, ASEAN yasohoye “Gahunda y'ibikorwa byo mu karere yo gukemura imyanda ya plastiki yo mu nyanja 2021-2025 ″, igamije kwerekana icyemezo cya ASEAN cyo gukemura ikibazo kigenda cyiyongera ku ihumana ry’imyanda yo mu nyanja mu myaka itanu iri imbere.

Kugeza mu 2022, ibihugu birenga 140 byashyizeho amategeko cyangwa bitanga politiki yo kubuza plastike no gukumira plastike.Byongeye kandi, amasezerano mpuzamahanga n’imiryango mpuzamahanga nayo irimo gufata ingamba zo gushyigikira umuryango mpuzamahanga kugabanya no gukuraho ibicuruzwa bya pulasitiki, gushishikariza iterambere ry’ibindi, no guhindura politiki y’inganda n’ubucuruzi hagamijwe kugabanya umwanda wa plastike.

Twibuke ko mu nama ya gatanu yasubukuwe y’Inteko y’umuryango w’abibumbye ishinzwe ibidukikije (UNEA-5.2), izaba kuva ku ya 28 Gashyantare kugeza ku ya 2 Werurwe 2022, ibihugu bigize Umuryango w’abibumbye byagiranye amasezerano yo gushyiraho itegeko ryubahiriza amategeko. amasezerano mpuzamahanga yo kurwanya umwanda.Nibimwe mubikorwa bifuza cyane ibidukikije ku isi kuva Protokole ya Montreal 1989.

(2) "Gusimbuza plastike n'imigano" nuburyo bwiza bwo kugabanya ikoreshwa rya plastiki

Kubona insimburangingo ya pulasitike ni inzira nziza yo kugabanya ikoreshwa rya plastiki no kugabanya umwanda wa plastike uva aho, kandi ni imwe mu ngamba z’ingenzi mu guhangana n’isi yose ku kibazo cy’umwanda wa plastike.Ibinyabuzima byangirika nk'ingano n'ibyatsi birashobora gusimbuza plastiki.Ariko mubikoresho byose byerekana amashanyarazi, imigano ifite ibyiza byihariye.

Umugano ni igihingwa cyihuta cyane ku isi.Ubushakashatsi bwerekanye ko umuvuduko mwinshi w’imigano ari metero 1,21 ku masaha 24, kandi gukura kwinshi kandi kubyimbye kurashobora kurangira mu mezi 2-3.Imigano irakura vuba, kandi irashobora guhinduka ishyamba mumyaka 3-5, kandi imigano yimigano igahinduka buri mwaka, hamwe numusaruro mwinshi, kandi gutera amashyamba inshuro imwe birashobora gukoreshwa ubudahwema.Umugano ukwirakwizwa cyane kandi ufite igipimo kinini cyumutungo.Hariho ubwoko 1.642 bwibiti byimigano bizwi kwisi.Birazwi ko hari ibihugu 39 bifite ubuso bwose bwamashyamba yimigano ya hegitari zirenga miliyoni 50 kandi buri mwaka umusaruro wa toni zirenga miliyoni 600 z'imigano.Muri byo, mu Bushinwa hari ubwoko burenga 857 bw’ibiti by’imigano, naho ubuso bw’ishyamba ni hegitari miliyoni 6.41.Ukurikije kuzenguruka kwumwaka wa 20%, toni miliyoni 70 z imigano zigomba gucibwa mukuzunguruka.Kugeza ubu, umusaruro rusange w’inganda z’imigano urenga miliyari 300, kandi uzarenga miliyari 700 mu 2025.

Imiterere yihariye yimigano ituma iba nziza cyane kuri plastiki.Umugano ni ibikoresho byo mu rwego rwo hejuru bishobora kuvugururwa, bigasubirwamo, kandi byangiza ibidukikije, kandi bifite ibiranga imbaraga nyinshi, ubukana bwiza, ubukana bwinshi, hamwe na plastiki nziza.Muri make, imigano ifite uburyo bwinshi bwo gukoresha, kandi imigano iratandukanye kandi ikungahaye.Hamwe niterambere ryubumenyi nikoranabuhanga, imirima ikoreshwa yimigano iragenda iba nini cyane.Kugeza ubu, hateguwe ubwoko burenga 10,000 bwibicuruzwa by’imigano, birimo ibintu byose by’umusaruro n’ubuzima nkimyambaro, ibiryo, amazu, n’ubwikorezi.

Ibicuruzwa by'imigano bikomeza urugero rwa karubone nkeya ndetse na karuboni mbi mu buzima bwabo bwose.Munsi yinyuma ya "karubone ebyiri", imigano ya karubone yo kwinjiza no gukurikiranya bifite agaciro cyane.Urebye uburyo bwa karubone igenda, ugereranije nibicuruzwa bya pulasitike, imigano ifite imigozi mibi ya karubone.Ibicuruzwa by'imigano birashobora kwangirika rwose muburyo busanzwe nyuma yo kubikoresha, bishobora kurengera neza ibidukikije nubuzima bwabantu.Imibare irerekana ko ubushobozi bwa karubone bukurikirana amashyamba yimigano buruta kure cyane ibiti bisanzwe, bikubye inshuro 1.46 ibyo mu bushinwa ndetse ninshuro 1.33 n’amashyamba yimvura yo mu turere dushyuha.Amashyamba y'imigano mu Bushinwa arashobora kugabanya karuboni toni miliyoni 197 hamwe na toni miliyoni 105 za karubone buri mwaka, kandi igiteranyo cyo kugabanya karuboni no gukurikiranwa kizagera kuri toni miliyoni 302.Niba isi ikoresha toni miliyoni 600 z'imigano mu gusimbuza ibicuruzwa bya PVC buri mwaka, biravugwa ko toni miliyari 4 z'ibyuka bihumanya ikirere bizagabanuka.Muri make, "gusimbuza plastike n'imigano" birashobora kugira uruhare mu gutunganya ibidukikije, kugabanya karubone no gufata karubone, guteza imbere ubukungu, kongera amafaranga no kuba umukire.Irashobora kandi guhaza ibyifuzo byabaturage kubidukikije kandi bikongerera abaturage umunezero ninyungu.

Ubushakashatsi niterambere niterambere ryubumenyi nubuhanga byashoboye gusimbuza ibicuruzwa byinshi bya plastiki.Kurugero: imigano ihinduranya imigano.Ikoreshwa rya bamboo rihinduranya ibikoresho byifashishijwe na Zhejiang Xinzhou Bamboo ikorera muri Composite Material Technology Co., Ltd. hamwe n’ikigo mpuzamahanga cy’imigano na Rattan, nk’umwimerere ku isi hose agaciro kongerewe agaciro kongerewe gukoresha imigano, nyuma y’imyaka irenga 10 y’ubushakashatsi na iterambere, ryongeye kuvugurura inganda z’imigano mu Bushinwa ku isi.uburebure bw'isi.Urukurikirane rw'ibicuruzwa nk'imigano ihinduranya imiyoboro, imiyoboro ya gari ya moshi, amamodoka ya gari ya moshi yihuta, n'amazu yakozwe n'ikoranabuhanga birashobora gusimbuza ibicuruzwa bya pulasitike ku bwinshi.Ntabwo ibikoresho fatizo bishobora kuvugururwa gusa no gukwirakwiza karubone, ariko gutunganya birashobora no kugera ku kuzigama ingufu, kugabanya karubone, no kubora ibinyabuzima.Igiciro nacyo kiri hasi.Kuva mu 2022, imiyoboro ihuza imigano ikwirakwizwa kandi ikoreshwa mu mishinga yo gutanga amazi no kuvoma, kandi yinjiye mu cyiciro cyo gukoresha inganda.Hubatswe imirongo itandatu y’inganda, kandi uburebure bwumushinga bumaze kugera kuri kilometero zirenga 300.Iri koranabuhanga rifite ibyifuzo byiza byo gusimbuza plastike yubuhanga.

Gupakira imigano.Hamwe niterambere ryihuse ryinganda zikoreshwa, kohereza no kwakira ibicuruzwa byihuse byabaye igice cyubuzima bwabantu.Dukurikije imibare yaturutse mu biro bya Leta bishinzwe amaposita, inganda zitanga ibicuruzwa mu Bushinwa zitanga toni zigera kuri miliyoni 1.8 buri mwaka.Gupakira imigano bigenda bihinduka bishya byamasosiyete yihuta.Hariho ubwoko bwinshi bwo gupakira imigano, cyane cyane harimo gupakira imigano, gupakira imigano, gupakira imigano, gupakira imigano, gupakira imigozi, gupakira imigano mbisi, hasi ya kontineri nibindi.Gupakira imigano birashobora gukoreshwa mubipfunyika hanze yibicuruzwa bitandukanye nkibikona byumusatsi, ibishishwa byumuceri, imigati yukwezi, imbuto, nibicuruzwa byihariye.Kandi ibicuruzwa bimaze gukoreshwa, gupakira imigano birashobora gukoreshwa nkumurimbo cyangwa agasanduku ko kubikamo, cyangwa igitebo cyimboga cyo guhaha buri munsi, gishobora gukoreshwa inshuro nyinshi, kandi gishobora no gukoreshwa kugirango hategurwe amakara y imigano, nibindi, nibindi, ifite uburyo bwiza bwo gusubiramo.

Kwuzuza imigano.Umunara ukonje ni ubwoko bwibikoresho byo gukonjesha bikoreshwa cyane mu mashanyarazi, mu nganda zikora imiti, no mu ruganda rukora ibyuma.Imikorere yayo yo gukonjesha igira uruhare runini mugukoresha ingufu no gukora amashanyarazi neza yikigo.Kunoza imikorere yumunara ukonjesha, icyambere kunonosora ni gupakira umunara.Kugeza ubu umunara wo gukonjesha ukoresha cyane cyane PVC yuzuza plastike.Gupakira imigano birashobora gusimbuza PVC gupakira kandi bifite ubuzima burebure.Jiangsu Hengda Pambo Co.Isosiyete ikoresha imigano yuzuza imigano yo gukonjesha iminara irashobora gusaba infashanyo kurutonde rwibicuruzwa bito bya karubone mu myaka itanu ikurikiranye.Mu Bushinwa honyine, umunara ngarukamwaka ukonjesha imigano ipakira imigozi irenga miliyari 120.Mu bihe biri imbere, amahame mpuzamahanga azashyirwaho, ashobora kuzamurwa no gukoreshwa ku isoko mpuzamahanga.

Bamboo grill.Igiciro cya karuboni ikomatanya imigano ikozwe muri geogrid iri hasi cyane ugereranije niy'urusobe rusanzwe rukoreshwa, kandi rufite ibyiza bigaragara mu gihe kirekire, guhangana n’ikirere, uburinganire, hamwe n’ubushobozi bwo gutwara muri rusange.Ibicuruzwa birashobora gukoreshwa cyane mugutunganya urufatiro rworoshye rwa gari ya moshi, umuhanda munini, ibibuga byindege, ibyambu, hamwe n’ibikorwa byo kubungabunga amazi, kandi birashobora no gukoreshwa mu buhinzi bw’ibikoresho nko gutera no korora inshundura z’uruzitiro, guhinga ibihingwa, n'ibindi.

Muri iki gihe, gusimbuza imigano ya pulasitike imigano n imigano biragenda biba byinshi hirya no hino.Kuva kumeza yimigano ikoreshwa, imbere yimodoka, ibikoresho bya elegitoronike, ibikoresho bya siporo kugeza gupakira ibicuruzwa, ibikoresho birinda, nibindi, ibicuruzwa byimigano bikoreshwa mubikorwa bitandukanye."Gusimbuza plastike n'imigano" ntabwo bigarukira gusa ku ikoranabuhanga n'ibicuruzwa biriho, bifite ibyiringiro binini kandi bifite ubushobozi butagira imipaka bitegereje kuvumburwa.

“Gusimbuza plastike n'imigano” bifite akamaro gakomeye mu iterambere rirambye ku isi:

(1) Subiza icyifuzo rusange cy’umuryango mpuzamahanga cyo guteza imbere iterambere rirambye.Umugano ukwirakwizwa henshi ku isi.Nk’igihugu cyakiriye Umuryango mpuzamahanga w’imigano na Rattan ndetse n’igihugu kinini cy’inganda z’imigano ku isi, Ubushinwa buteza imbere ikoranabuhanga n’ubunararibonye mu nganda z’imigano ku isi, kandi bukora ibishoboka byose kugira ngo bufashe ibihugu biri mu nzira y'amajyambere gukoresha neza umutungo w’imigano. kunoza igisubizo cyabo ku mihindagurikire y’ikirere no kwangiza ibidukikije.ibibazo byisi yose nkubukene nubukene bukabije.Iterambere ry’inganda n’imigano ryagize uruhare runini mu guteza imbere ubufatanye bw’amajyepfo n’Amajyepfo kandi ryashimiwe cyane n’umuryango mpuzamahanga.Guhera mu Bushinwa, “gusimbuza plastike n'imigano” bizanayobora isi gufatanya gukora impinduramatwara y’icyatsi kibisi, guteza imbere ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’intego z’iterambere ry’umuryango w’abibumbye, no guteza imbere ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’iterambere rirambye, ryatsi kandi rifite ubuzima bwiza ku isi .

(2) Guhuza namategeko agenga kubaha ibidukikije, guhuza na kamere, no kurengera ibidukikije.Umwanda wa plastike ni umwanda mwinshi ku isi, inyinshi muri zo zikaba ziba mu nyanja.Amafi menshi yo mu nyanja afite uduce twa plastike mumitsi yamaraso.Inyanja nyinshi zapfuye zimira bunguri… Bifata imyaka 200 kugirango plastike ibore nyuma yo gushyingurwa ku butaka, kandi yamizwe ninyamaswa zo mu nyanja…… Niba ibi bikomeje, abantu barashobora kubona ibiryo byo mu nyanja mu nyanja?Niba imihindagurikire y’ikirere ikomeje, abantu barashobora kubaho no kwiteza imbere?"Gusimbuza plastike n'imigano" byubahiriza amategeko ya kamere kandi birashobora guhinduka ihitamo rikomeye ryiterambere ryabantu.

. , hamwe no kubana neza kwabantu na kamere.Izi nimpinduka muburyo bwiterambere."Gusimbuza plastike n'imigano" bishingiye ku bintu bishobora kuvugururwa kandi bigasubirwamo biranga imigano, hamwe na karuboni nkeya y’umusaruro wose w’inganda z’imigano, bizateza imbere ihinduka ry’imiterere gakondo, biteza imbere ihinduka ry’ibidukikije by’imigano. umutungo, kandi uhindure rwose ibyiza byibidukikije kubwinyungu zubukungu.Nuburyo bwiza bwo gutunganya inganda."Gusimbuza plastike n'imigano" byubahiriza icyerekezo rusange cy’impinduramatwara y’ikoranabuhanga iriho no guhindura inganda, ifata amahirwe yo kwiteza imbere yo guhindura icyatsi, itera udushya, iteza imbere iterambere ryihuse ry’inganda z’icyatsi, kandi iteza imbere kuzamura no kuzamura imiterere y’inganda.

Iki nikigihe cyuzuye ibibazo, ariko kandi ibihe byuzuye ibyiringiro.Gahunda ya “Simbuza Plastike n'Imigano” izashyirwa ku rutonde rw'ibyavuye mu biganiro byo mu rwego rwo hejuru ku rwego rwo hejuru ku rwego rwo hejuru ku ya 24 Kamena 2022. Kwinjiza ku rutonde rw'ibyavuye mu biganiro byo mu rwego rwo hejuru ku rwego rwo hejuru ni ibiganiro bishya kuri “Gusimbuza plastike n'imigano”.Aha, Ubushinwa, nkigihugu kinini cyimigano, cyerekanye inshingano ninshingano bikwiye.Uku niko isi yizera kandi ikemeza imigano, kandi ni nako isi imenyekana kandi itegereje iterambere.Hamwe n'ikoranabuhanga rishya ryo gukoresha imigano, gukoresha imigano bizarushaho kuba byinshi, kandi imbaraga zabyo mu musaruro no mu buzima ndetse n'inzego zose zizarushaho gukomera.By'umwihariko, "gusimbuza plastike n'imigano" bizateza imbere cyane ihinduka ryihuta ryiterambere, tekinoroji yo mu rwego rwo hejuru Guhindura imikoreshereze y’icyatsi, kuzamura imikoreshereze y’icyatsi, kandi muri ubwo buryo bigahindura ubuzima, kuzamura ibidukikije, guteza imbere kubaka a byinshi byiza, bizima kandi birambye urugo rwicyatsi, kandi umenye impinduka yicyatsi muburyo bwuzuye.

Nigute washyira mubikorwa "imigano aho kuba plastike"

Mu gihe cy’ibihe byo guhangana n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere no kurwanya umwanda wa plastike, imigano na rattan birashobora gutanga ibibazo byihutirwa ku isi nk’umwanda w’ibinyabuzima ndetse n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere ishingiye kuri kamere;inganda z'imigano na rattan bizagira uruhare mu iterambere rirambye ry'ibihugu n'uturere bikiri mu nzira y'amajyambere.Iterambere rirambye no guhindura icyatsi;hari itandukaniro mu ikoranabuhanga, ubuhanga, politiki, no kumenya mu iterambere ry’inganda n’imigano ya rattan mu bihugu no mu turere, kandi ni ngombwa gushyiraho ingamba z’iterambere n’ibisubizo bishya ukurikije imiterere yaho.Guhangana nigihe kizaza, nigute dushobora guteza imbere byimazeyo ishyirwa mubikorwa rya gahunda yo "gusimbuza imigano na plastike"?Nigute dushobora guteza imbere ibihugu kwisi kwinjiza gahunda ya "Bamboo for Plastique" muri gahunda nyinshi za politiki mu nzego zitandukanye?Umwanditsi yemera ko hari ingingo zikurikira.

.Umuryango mpuzamahanga w’imigano na Rattan ntabwo ari we watangije gahunda ya “Simbuza Plastike n’imigano” gusa, ahubwo wanateje imbere “Gusimbuza Plastike n’imigano” mu buryo bwa raporo cyangwa ibiganiro mu bihe byinshi kuva muri Mata 2019. Mu Kuboza 2019, Umuryango mpuzamahanga w’imigano na Rattan wifatanije n’ikigo mpuzamahanga cy’imigano na Rattan kugira ngo bakore ibirori kuri “Gusimbuza plastike n’imigano kugira ngo bakemure imihindagurikire y’ikirere” mu nama ya 25 y’umuryango w’abibumbye y’imihindagurikire y’ibihe kugira ngo baganire ku bushobozi bw’imigano mu gukemura ikibazo cya plastiki ku isi hose no kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya ikirere.Mu mpera z'Ukuboza 2020, mu ihuriro mpuzamahanga ry’inganda zo mu bwoko bwa Boao, Umuryango mpuzamahanga w’imigano na Rattan wateguye ku buryo bugaragara imurikagurisha ryiswe “Gusimbuza plastike n’imigano” hamwe n’abafatanyabikorwa, maze ritanga ijambo ku bibazo nko kugabanya umwanda wa plastiki, ibicuruzwa bya pulasitiki bikoreshwa. imicungire n’ibindi bicuruzwa Raporo hamwe n’uruhererekane rw’ibiganiro byerekanye ibisubizo bishingiye ku bidukikije bishingiye ku migano ku kibazo cy’isi yose cyo guhagarika plastike no kubuza plastike, byashimishije abitabiriye amahugurwa.Umwanditsi yizera ko mu bihe nk'ibi, hashyizweho urubuga mpuzamahanga rw’ubufatanye mu rwego rwo guteza imbere igikorwa cyo “gusimbuza plastike n’imigano” gishingiye ku Muryango mpuzamahanga w’imigano na Rattan, kandi ugakora mu bintu byinshi nko gushyiraho politiki, guhanga udushya mu ikoranabuhanga, no gukusanya inkunga bizagira uruhare runini.Ingaruka nziza.Ihuriro rishinzwe ahanini gushyigikira no gufasha ibihugu byo ku isi gushyiraho no guteza imbere politiki iboneye;kunoza ubufatanye bwa siyansi n’ikoranabuhanga rya “gusimbuza imigano na plastiki”, guhanga imikoreshereze, imikorere no gutunganya ibicuruzwa by’imigano kuri plastiki, no gushyiraho uburyo bwo gukoresha ikoranabuhanga rishya no guteza imbere ibicuruzwa bishya;Ubushakashatsi bushya ku iterambere ry’ubukungu bushingiye ku bukungu, kongera akazi, ibicuruzwa byibanze byinjira mu nganda no kongera agaciro;mu nama zo ku rwego rwo hejuru ku isi nk'Inteko rusange y’umuryango w’abibumbye, Inama y’umuryango w’abibumbye ishinzwe imihindagurikire y’ibihe, Inama y’amashyamba ku isi, imurikagurisha mpuzamahanga ry’Ubushinwa mu bucuruzi, na “Umunsi w’isi ku isi” Ku minsi y’insanganyamatsiko mpuzamahanga n’iminsi yo kwibuka nka Umunsi w’ibidukikije ku isi n’umunsi w’amashyamba ku isi, kora ibicuruzwa no kwamamaza “gusimbuza plastike n'imigano”.

. kuvugurura no gushyira mu bikorwa ibipimo bifatika, no kubaka uburyo bw’ubucuruzi ku isi, hakwiye gushyirwaho ingufu mu guteza imbere ubushakashatsi n’iterambere, guteza imbere no gushyira mu bikorwa “gusimbuza imigano n’ibicuruzwa bya plastiki”.

Guteza imbere iterambere ry’imigano na rattan ku rwego rw’igihugu ndetse n’akarere, guhanga inganda n’inganda za rattan n’urunigi rw’agaciro, gushyiraho urwego rw’imigano mu mucyo kandi rirambye, kandi biteza imbere iterambere rinini ry’imigano na rattan. .Gushiraho ibidukikije byiza byiterambere ryinganda zimigano na rattan, kandi ushishikarize inyungu zombi no gufatanya-inyungu hagati yimigano na rattan.Witondere uruhare rwimishinga yimigano na rattan mugutezimbere ubukungu buke bwa karubone, ubukungu bwangiza ibidukikije, nubukungu bwicyatsi kibisi.Kurinda urusobe rw'ibinyabuzima n'ibidukikije by'imigano ikorerwa imigano na rattan n'ibidukikije.Gushyigikira uburyo bwo gukoresha inyungu zishingiye ku nyungu no gutsimbataza ingeso z’abaguzi zo kugura ibidukikije bitangiza ibidukikije kandi bikurikiranwa n’imigano n’ibicuruzwa bya rattan.

(3) Kongera udushya mu bumenyi n'ikoranabuhanga "gusimbuza plastike n'imigano" no guteza imbere gusangira ibyagezweho na siyansi n'ikoranabuhanga.Kugeza ubu, gushyira mu bikorwa “gusimbuza plastike n'imigano” birashoboka.Imigano ni myinshi, ibikoresho ni byiza, kandi tekinoroji irashoboka.Ubushakashatsi nogutezimbere tekinoloji yingenzi mugutegura ibyatsi byiza, ubushakashatsi niterambere ryikoranabuhanga ryingenzi mugutunganya imigano itunganijwe neza, gukora ubushakashatsi no guteza imbere imigano yimigozi yashizwemo imashini ikora udusanduku, no gusuzuma imikorere yibicuruzwa bishya ukoresheje imigano aho kuyikoresha. plastike.Muri icyo gihe, birakenewe kandi ko hongerwa ubushobozi impande zombi mu nganda z’imigano na rattan, kwibanda ku iterambere ry’inganda zo hasi hagamijwe kongerera agaciro ibicuruzwa by’ibanze no kwagura urunigi rw’inganda, no guhinga abanyamwuga muri kwihanganira imigano na rattan kwihangira imirimo, umusaruro, gucunga imikorere, kugena ibicuruzwa no gutanga ibyemezo, imari yicyatsi nubucuruzi.Ariko, "gusimbuza plastike nibicuruzwa" bigomba kandi gushimangira ubushakashatsi niterambere ryimbitse no kurushaho kungurana ubumenyi nubumenyi mpuzamahanga nubufatanye.Kurugero: ibicuruzwa byose byimigano birashobora gukoreshwa mubwubatsi bwinganda, ubwikorezi, nibindi, nigipimo cyingenzi kandi cyubumenyi mukubaka umuco wibidukikije byabantu mugihe kizaza.Imigano n'ibiti birashobora guhuzwa neza kugirango biteze imbere kutabogama kwa karubone mu nganda zubaka.Ubushakashatsi bwerekanye ko 40% by’imyanda ihumanya ituruka mu nganda zubaka.Inganda zubaka nizo zishinzwe kubura umutungo n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere.Ibi bisaba gukoresha amashyamba acungwa neza kugirango atange ibikoresho bishya.Imyuka ya karuboni ihumanya ikirere ni mike cyane, kandi ibikoresho byinshi byubaka imigano birashobora gukorwa kugirango bigabanye ingaruka mbi zo kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya.Urundi rugero: intego rusange ya INBAR n’umuryango w’ibiribwa n’ubuhinzi by’umuryango w’abibumbye ni uguhindura gahunda y’ibiribwa n’ubuhinzi no kongera imbaraga zo guhangana.Ibintu bitangirika kandi byangiza bya plastiki bibangamira ihinduka ry’ibiribwa n’ubuhinzi.Muri iki gihe, toni miliyoni 50 za plastiki zikoreshwa mu rwego rw’ubuhinzi ku isi.Niba "gusimbuza plastike n'imigano" no kuyisimbuza ibintu bisanzwe, bizashobora kubungabunga umutungo kamere wa FAO wubuzima.Ntabwo bigoye kubona muri ibi ko isoko ryo "gusimbuza plastike n'imigano" ari rinini.Niba twongereye ubushakashatsi niterambere ryubuhanga nubuhanga muburyo bushya bushingiye kumasoko, dushobora kubyara ibicuruzwa byinshi bisimbuza plastike kandi biteza imbere ibidukikije byisi.

(4) Guteza imbere guteza imbere no gushyira mu bikorwa “gusimbuza imigano plastike” usinya ibyangombwa byemewe n'amategeko.Mu nama ya gatanu yasubukuwe mu Nteko ishinga amategeko y’umuryango w’abibumbye ishinzwe ibidukikije (UNEA-5.2), izaba kuva ku ya 28 Gashyantare kugeza ku ya 2 Werurwe 2022, ibihugu bigize Umuryango w’abibumbye byagiranye amasezerano yo gushyiraho amasezerano yubahirizwa n’amategeko binyuze mu mishyikirano ya guverinoma.Amasezerano mpuzamahanga yo kurwanya umwanda.Nibimwe mubikorwa bifuza cyane ibidukikije ku isi kuva Protokole ya Montreal 1989.Kugeza ubu, ibihugu byinshi ku isi byemeje amategeko abuza cyangwa kugabanya gukora, gutumiza mu mahanga, gukwirakwiza no kugurisha plastiki, yizera ko azagabanya ikoreshwa rya plastiki zikoreshwa binyuze mu kugabanya plastike no kuyikoresha neza, kugira ngo arinde ubuzima bw’abantu n’ibidukikije kurushaho umutekano.Gusimbuza plastike n'imigano birashobora kugabanya umwanda uterwa na plastiki, cyane cyane microplastique, kandi bikagabanya ikoreshwa rya plastiki muri rusange.Niba itegeko ryubahiriza amategeko risa na “Kyoto Protocole” ryashyizweho umukono ku isi yose mu rwego rwo kurwanya umwanda wa plastike, bizateza imbere cyane no gushyira mu bikorwa “gusimbuza plastike n'imigano”.

.Amafaranga ni garanti yingenzi mugutezimbere ubushobozi bwo "Gusimbuza Plastike n imigano".Hasabwe ko mu rwego rw’umuryango mpuzamahanga w’imigano na Rattan, hashyirwaho ikigega mpuzamahanga cyo “gusimbuza plastiki n’imigano”.Ati: “Tanga inkunga y'amafaranga mu kongerera ubushobozi nk'ubushakashatsi n'ikoranabuhanga mu bushakashatsi n'iterambere, guteza imbere ibicuruzwa, n'amahugurwa y'umushinga mu ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya gahunda yo kugabanya umwanda wa plastike no kugira uruhare mu iterambere rirambye ku isi.Kurugero: inkunga yo kubaka ibigo by'imigano mubihugu bireba kugirango bibafashe guteza imbere inganda n’imigano;shyigikira ibihugu bireba gukora amahugurwa yububoshyi bwimigano, kuzamura ubushobozi bwabaturage mubihugu gukora ubukorikori nibikenerwa murugo buri munsi, no kubafasha kubona ubumenyi bwo kubaho, nibindi.

.Igikorwa cyo "gusimbuza plastike n'imigano" ubwacyo nigisubizo cyo gukomeza kuzamura no kuzamura umuryango mpuzamahanga wa Bamboo na Rattan.Umuryango mpuzamahanga w’imigano na Rattan imbaraga zo guteza imbere ijwi n’ibikorwa byo “gusimbuza plastike n'imigano” birakomeje."Gusimbuza plastike n'imigano" byakuruye abantu benshi, kandi byamenyekanye kandi byemewe n'inzego nyinshi n'abantu ku giti cyabo.Muri Werurwe 2021, Umuryango mpuzamahanga w’imigano na Rattan watanze ikiganiro kuri interineti ku nsanganyamatsiko igira iti: “Gusimbuza plastike n’imigano”, abitabiriye interineti bitabiriye bashishikaye.Muri Nzeri, Umuryango mpuzamahanga w’imigano na Rattan witabiriye imurikagurisha mpuzamahanga ry’Ubushinwa mu 2021 ryashyizeho imurikagurisha ridasanzwe ry’imigano na rattan kugira ngo ryerekane ikoreshwa ry’imigano mu kugabanya plastike no guteza imbere icyatsi, ndetse n’ibyiza bidasanzwe. mu iterambere ry’ubukungu bw’umuzingi wa karuboni nkeya, no gufatanya n’Ubushinwa Ishyirahamwe ry’inganda z’imigano n’ikigo mpuzamahanga cy’imigano na Rattan bakora amahugurwa mpuzamahanga ku “Gusimbuza plastiki n’imigano” kugira ngo baganire ku migano nk'igisubizo gishingiye ku bidukikije.Jiang Zehui, Umuyobozi wungirije w'Inama y'Ubuyobozi ya INBAR, na Mu Qiumu, Umuyobozi mukuru w'Ubunyamabanga bwa INBAR, batanze disikuru za videwo mu muhango wo gutangiza aya mahugurwa.Mu Kwakira, mu iserukiramuco rya 11 ry’umuco w’imigano ry’Ubushinwa ryabereye i Yibin, muri Sichuan, Umuryango mpuzamahanga w’imigano na Rattan wakoze ibiganiro nyunguranabitekerezo kuri “Gusimbuza plastiki n’imigano” kugira ngo baganire kuri politiki yo gukumira no kurwanya umwanda wa plastike, ubushakashatsi ku bicuruzwa bya pulasitiki n’ibindi bikorwa bifatika.Muri Gashyantare 2022, Ishami mpuzamahanga ry’ubutwererane ry’ubuyobozi bwa Leta bushinzwe amashyamba n’ibyatsi mu Bushinwa ryasabye ko INBAR yashyikiriza Minisiteri y’ububanyi n’amahanga y’Ubushinwa gahunda yo guteza imbere isi yose yo “Gusimbuza plastike n’imigano”, mu gusubiza icyifuzo cya Perezida Xi Jinping ubwo yari yitabiriye ibiganiro rusange by’inama ya 76 y’Inteko rusange y’umuryango w’abibumbye ibikorwa bitandatu by’iterambere ry’isi.Umuryango mpuzamahanga w’imigano na Rattan wahise wemera kandi utegura ibyifuzo 5, birimo gushyiraho politiki nziza yo “gusimbuza plastike n’imigano”, guteza imbere ubumenyi n’ikoranabuhanga mu “gusimbuza plastike n’imigano”, gushishikariza ubushakashatsi bwa siyansi ku “gusimbuza plastiki n'imigano”, na guteza imbere "gusimbuza plastike n'imigano".Plastike "kuzamura isoko no kongera kumenyekanisha" gusimbuza imigano plastike ".