Gukoresha imigano nkibikoresho byo gupakira icyatsi

Mu rwego rwo kurushaho kumenyekanisha ibidukikije muri sosiyete yose, "gupakira icyatsi" byitabweho cyane.Urebye muburyo bwa tekiniki, gupakira icyatsi bivuga angupakira ibidukikijeyatejwe imbere n’ibimera karemano hamwe namabuye y'agaciro bifitanye isano bitangiza ibidukikije nubuzima bwabantu, bifasha gutunganya neza, byoroshye kwangirika, niterambere rirambye.Amategeko y’i Burayi asobanura ibyerekezo bitatu byo gupakira no kurengera ibidukikije:

—— Kugabanya ibikoresho biva hejuru yumusaruro, ibikoresho bike byo gupakira, byoroheje amajwi, nibyiza

——Kukoresha kabiri, nk'icupa, bigomba kuba byoroshye kandi birashobora gukoreshwa inshuro nyinshi

—— Kugirango ubashe kongerera agaciro, gutunganya imyanda birashobora gukoreshwa mugukora ibicuruzwa bishya bipfunyika cyangwa ubushyuhe buterwa no gutwika imyanda birashobora gukoreshwa mubushuhe, gushyushya, nibindi. Iyi ngingo igamije kuganira kubipfunyika imigano.Kugeza ubu, ibiti byahindutse ibintu bisanzwe kandi bipfunyika bisanzwe.Ariko mu gihugu cyacu, imbogamizi n’ibibura byo gupakira ibiti bigenda bigaragara cyane hamwe no kwagura inganda zipakira.

Mbere na mbere, agace k’amashyamba mu gihugu cyanjye kangana na 3,9% gusa ku isi yose, ubwinshi bw’amashyamba buri munsi ya 3% y’ububiko bw’isi, naho igipimo cy’amashyamba ni 13.92%.120 na 121, naho igipimo cy’amashyamba kiri ku mwanya wa 142.igihugu cyanjye gitumiza ibiti byinshi nibicuruzwa byacyo buri mwaka kugirango byuzuze isoko.Icyakora, ntabwo ari igisubizo kirambye cyo gukemura ikibazo cy’ibura ry’igihugu cyanjye gikenera ibicuruzwa biva mu mashyamba.Icya mbere, ingufu z'ubukungu bw'igihugu ntizirakomera, kandi biragoye gukoresha miliyari icumi z'ivunjisha mu mahanga ibicuruzwa biva mu mashyamba buri mwaka.Icya kabiri, isoko mpuzamahanga ryibiti ntiriteganijwe kandi rishingiye kubitumizwa hanze.Bizashyira igihugu cyacu mubihe bidasanzwe.

Icya kabiri, kubera ko amoko amwe yibiti yibasirwa nindwara nudukoko twangiza, bigarukira kubikorwa byo gutunganya hamwe nubuhanga nkibikoresho byo gupakira, kandi ikiguzi mubucuruzi bwo gutumiza no kohereza hanze ni kinini cyane.Muri Nzeri 1998, guverinoma y'Amerika yasohoye itegeko ry’agateganyo ry’inyamaswa n’ibimera, ishyira mu bikorwa amabwiriza mashya y’ubugenzuzi n’akato ku bijyanye no gupakira ibiti n’ibikoresho byo kuryamaho ku bicuruzwa by’Ubushinwa byoherezwa muri Amerika.Biteganijwe ko gupakira ibiti mu gihugu cyanjye byoherezwa muri Amerika bigomba guherekezwa n’icyemezo cyatanzwe n’ikigo cy’abashinwa gishinzwe akato, kigaragaza ko gupakira ibiti byakorewe ubushyuhe, kuvura fumasi cyangwa kuvura ruswa mbere yo kwinjira mu Amerika, bitabaye ibyo gutumiza mu mahanga birabujijwe.Nyuma, ibihugu n’uturere nka Kanada, Ubuyapani, Ositaraliya, Ubwongereza n’Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi byakurikiranye, ibyo bikaba byongereye amafaranga menshi yo kuvura fumasi cyangwa imiti yica udukoko twangiza imiti ku bicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga mu gihugu cyacu.Icya gatatu, umubare munini w’ibiti uzagira ingaruka nta gushidikanya bizagira ingaruka mbi ku bidukikije, kandi muri icyo gihe, gutera amashyamba n’umuvuduko w’amashyamba bikaba biri kure y’isoko ry’ibiti bikenerwa.Reka ntange urugero: Nkurikije imibare, impuzandengo ya miliyari 1,2 ishati ikorwa mu gihugu hose buri mwaka, kandi toni 240.000 zimpapuro zikoreshwa mugusanduku bapakira, ibyo bikaba bihwanye no gutema ibiti miliyoni 1.68 bingana nigikombe.Niba ubara umubare wimpapuro zikoreshwa mugupakira ibicuruzwa byose nibiti gutemwa, ntagushidikanya ni ishusho itangaje.Niyo mpamvu, birakenewe gutezimbere no gukoresha ibindi bikoresho bipakira icyatsi kugirango bisimbuze ibikoresho bipakira ibiti vuba bishoboka.Nta gushidikanya ko imigano ari ibikoresho byo guhitamo.Gukoresha imigano mu gupakira Ubushinwa nigihugu kinini cyimigano, gifite genera 35 nubwoko 400 bwibiti byimigano, bifite amateka maremare yo guhinga no kuyakoresha.Hatitawe ku mubare w’umutungo w’imigano, ubuso no kwegeranya amashyamba y’imigano, cyangwa urwego rwo gutunganya no gutunganya ibikomoka ku mashyamba y’imigano, Ubushinwa buza ku mwanya wa mbere mu bihugu bitanga imigano ku isi, kandi buzwiho "ubwami bw’imigano muri isi ".Mugereranije, imigano ifite umusaruro mwinshi kuruta ibiti, igihe gito cyigihe cyizuba, biroroshye kubikora, bifite uburyo bwinshi bwo gukoresha, kandi bihendutse cyane kuruta ibiti.Gukoresha imigano nk'ibikoresho byo gupakira byabayeho kera, cyane cyane mu cyaro.Hamwe no kurushaho gukangurira kurengera ibidukikije, gupakira imigano bizagenda bisimbuza buhoro buhoro gupakira ibiti hagati y’imijyi n’icyaro ndetse no mu bucuruzi bwo gutumiza no kohereza mu mahanga, bigira uruhare runini.Umugano ukoreshwa mu biribwa no gupakira imiti.Umugano ubwawo ufite antibacterial, kandi antibacterial yawo ituma imigano itagira udukoko kandi ikabora mugihe cyo gukura, idakoresheje imiti yica udukoko.Gukoresha ibikoresho by'imigano kubyara ibikoresho byo kumeza cyangwa ibiryoibikoresho byo gupakiranta mpungenge afite gusa ku itangwa ry'ibikoresho fatizo, ariko kandi nta n'umwanda uhari mu gihe cyo gukora no gukoresha ibikoresho by'imigano cyangwa ibikoresho byo gupakira ibiryo, bifasha mu kurengera ibidukikije.Muri icyo gihe, ibikoresho byo kumeza cyangwa ibikoresho byo gupakira ibiryo bikozwe mubikoresho by'imigano biracyafite impumuro nziza idasanzwe, ibara ryoroshye hamwe no guhuza gukomera no koroshya umwihariko w imigano.Uburyo bukoreshwa burimo ahanini imigano yumwimerere yibidukikije (vino, icyayi, nibindi), ibikoresho bikozwe mumigano (isahani yimbuto, agasanduku k'imbuto, agasanduku k'imiti), nibindi imigano ikoreshwa mubipfunyika burimunsi.Imigano yoroheje yimigano kandi yoroshye kumera ituma isohoza inshingano zayo zo gupakira mubice byose byubuzima bwa buri munsi.Ntibishobora kongera gukoreshwa gusa, ahubwo no muburyo bwo gupakira, ukurikije ibintu bitandukanye biranga ibintu bipakira, birashobora gushushanywa no gushushanya, gutwika, gushushanya, kuboha, nibindi, kugirango binonosore uburyohe bwumuco wapakira, kandi icyarimwe kora ibipfunyika byombi birinda kandi byiza, kandi birashobora gukusanywa.imikorere.Uburyo bwo gusaba cyane cyane kuboha imigano (urupapuro, guhagarika, silik), nkibisanduku bitandukanye, akazu, ibiseke byimboga, matasi yo kubika hamwe nagasanduku k'impano zitandukanye.Umugano ukoreshwa mu kohereza ibicuruzwa.Nko mu mpera z'imyaka ya za 70, Intara ya Sichuan y'igihugu cyanjye "yari yarasimbuye inkwi n'imigano" kugirango bapakire kandi batware toni nyinshi z'imashini.Kuzamuka no guteza imbere imigano ya pano byafunguye inzira nshya yubuzima bwo gukoresha imigano.Ifite ibiranga kwambara, kurwanya ruswa, kurwanya udukoko, imbaraga nyinshi no gukomera, kandi imikorere yayo ni nziza cyane kuruta izindi mbaho ​​zishingiye ku biti.Umugano woroshye muburemere ariko biratangaje gukomera muburyo.Ukurikije ibipimo, kugabanuka kwimigano ni nto cyane, ariko ubworoherane nubukomezi ni byinshi cyane, imbaraga zikaze ku ngano zigera kuri 170MPa, naho imbaraga zo guhonyora ku ngano zigera kuri 80MPa.Cyane cyane imigano ikaze, imbaraga zayo zingana nintete igera kuri 280MPa, hafi kimwe cya kabiri cyibyuma bisanzwe.Ariko, niba imbaraga zingana zibarwa nuburinganire bwimbaraga, imbaraga zingana z imigano zikubye inshuro 2,5 icyuma.Ntabwo bigoye kubona muri ibi ko pani yimigano ikoreshwa mugusimbuza imbaho ​​zimbaho ​​nkubwikoreziibikoresho byo gupakira.